宁波市陆海及河海管理分界线的界定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨和福 《海洋学研究》2009,27(Z1)

宁波市东临东海,杭州湾和三门湾分别从其北边和南边挟裹,象山港从中间嵌入陆域,与上海、舟山隔海相望,东西宽为175 km,南北长为192 km,海域面积为9 758 km2,大陆岸线全长为1 594 km, 辖区浅海面积为4 524.84 km2.宁波市海岸线由于自然和人为因素不断变化,其中自然的滩涂淤涨使岸线向海推进,人为接连岛工程使海岸线长度增加,而滩涂围垦往往把曲折海岸线变成直线岸线,使总体岸线缩短,这些海岸线变化给陆海管理分界线的确定带来了一定难度.宁波市主要入海河流有钱塘江和甬江,对于入海河流河海管理分界线和部门管理权限尚不清楚,区域管理同样存在多头管理和低效率现象.通过社会调查和实地考察,对宁波市海岸线、海岸带和主要入海河流分布特征以及管理现状进行了深入研究,并根据国际海岸线、海岸带和河海分界理论与实践经验,针对宁波市海岸线和入海河流自然地理环境特征、管理现状和宁波市经济发展的特殊需要,按照我国法律法规的相关规定,我们对宁波市海塘或海堤为界的陆海管理分界线、滩涂或淤涨型岸滩的陆海管理分界线、稳定岸滩的陆海管理分界线、港口码头海域界线、其它海岸工程界址线的界定和大潮高潮痕迹线为围海(涂)内界线的界定以及对钱塘江入海口的河海管理分界线和甬江的河海管理分界线的界定提出了初步建议,旨在为贯彻实施海洋法律法规,进一步加强宁波市海岸带区域开发管理和有效保障海洋管理职能的实现提供理论依据.  相似文献   

Three-dimensional structure of a low salinity tongue in the southern Taiwan Strait observed in the summer of 2005   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

HONG Huasheng  ZHENG Quanan  HU Jianyu  CHEN Zhaozhang  LI Chunyan  JIANG Yuwu  WAN Zhenwen 《海洋学报(英文版)》2009,28(4):1-7

Cruise observations with CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) profiler were carried out in the southern Taiwan Strait in the summer of 2005. Using the cruise data, two-dimensional maps of salinity and temperature distributions at depths of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 m were generated. The maps show a low salinity tongue sandwiched by low temperature and high salinity waters on the shallow water side and high temperature and high salinity waters on the deep water side. The further analysis indicates that the low salinity water has a nature of river-diluted water. A possible source of the diluted water is the Zhujiang (Pearl) Estuary. Meanwhile, the summer monsoon is judged as a possible driving force for this northeastward jet-like current. The coastal upwelling and the South China Sea Warm Current confine the low salinity water to flow along the central line of the strait. Previous investigations and a numerical model are used to verify that the upstream of the low salinity current is the Zhujiang Estuary. Thus, the low salinity tongue is produced by four major elements:Zhujinag Estuary diluted water, monsoon wind driving, coastal upwelling and South China Sea Warm Current modifications.  相似文献   

怒江左岸小型水电工程地质环境适宜性评价     

胡建刚  刘勇平  姜海波 《地球科学与环境学报》2007,29(3):294-299

通过现场调查和理论分析,研究了拟建的怒江左岸马跨地—俄夺罗水电站工程建设区地质环境条件及地质灾害类型、分布、规模,分析了地质环境条件对水电工程的影响及水电站建设和运营过程中对地质环境条件的影响,探讨了怒江左岸小型水电工程地质环境适宜性,提出了地质灾害防治措施建议。认为从地质环境条件看,怒江左岸建设小型水电工程是基本适宜的。  相似文献   

Improving hydrological information acquisition from DEM processing in floodplains     

Augusto C. V. Getirana  Marie-Paule Bonnet  Otto C. Rotunno Filho  Webe J. Mansur 《水文研究》2009,23(3):502-514

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Spatial variation of isotope composition in precipitation in a tropical environment: a case study from the Deduru Oya river basin,Sri Lanka     

H.A.H. Jayasena  Rohana Chandrajith  C.B. Dissanayake 《水文研究》2008,22(23):4565-4570

The stable isotope composition (¹⁸O and ²H) in the tropical precipitation collected from 18 locations throughout the Deduru Oya river basin in Sri Lanka, has been studied during August and September 2001, in order to characterize the isotopic composition of precipitation in the dry and intermediate climatic zones of Sri Lanka. The isotope compositions are described with respect to the distance from the coast and the altitude. The analyses show that δ¹⁸O vary from ? 5·11 to 1·39‰ and δD vary from ? 35·71 to 12·55‰. The d‐excess values range from ? 0·65 to 13·17 with an average value of ～7. Regression for the δ¹⁸O ? δD is y = 6·8x + 4·9 (R² = 0·9) which is compatible with the precipitation in other tropical regions. The lower slope in the regression line and the lower d‐excess value indicate high temperature events which were possibly aided by concentration through successive evaporation within the atmosphere. The spatial variation of isotope composition indicates two different cloud contributions for the rain events, of which one may be linked to the Indian Ocean contribution and the other to the high altitude condensation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Analysis of water resources in the Mahanadi River Basin,India under projected climate conditions     

Shilpa M. Asokan  Dushmanta Dutta 《水文研究》2008,22(18):3589-3603

The paper presents the outcomes of a study conducted to analyse water resources availability and demand in the Mahanadi River Basin in India under climate change conditions. Climate change impact analysis was carried out for the years 2000, 2025, 2050, 2075 and 2100, for the months of September and April (representing wet and dry months), at a sub‐catchment level. A physically based distributed hydrologic model (DHM) was used for estimation of the present water availability. For future scenarios under climate change conditions, precipitation output of Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis General Circulation Model (CGCM2) was used as the input data for the DHM. The model results show that the highest increase in peak runoff (38%) in the Mahanadi River outlet will occur during September, for the period 2075–2100 and the maximum decrease in average runoff (32·5%) will be in April, for the period 2050–2075. The outcomes indicate that the Mahanadi River Basin is expected to experience progressively increasing intensities of flood in September and drought in April over the considered years. The sectors of domestic, irrigation and industry were considered for water demand estimation. The outcomes of the analysis on present water use indicated a high water abstraction by the irrigation sector. Future water demand shows an increasing trend until 2050, beyond which the demand will decrease owing to the assumed regulation of population explosion. From the simulated future water availability and projected water demand, water stress was computed. Among the six sub‐catchments, the sub‐catchment six shows the peak water demand. This study hence emphasizes on the need for re‐defining water management policies, by incorporating hydrological response of the basin to the long‐term climate change, which will help in developing appropriate flood and drought mitigation measures at the basin level. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

近20年青海三江源自然保护区植被生产力变化模拟   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

肖桐  刘纪远  邵全琴 《地球信息科学学报》2009,11(5):557-565

三江源保护区是我国最大的自然保护区,对我国的生态安全起着重要的保障作用。作为生态系统功能重要指标之一的净初级生产力的大小及其速率,一直是人们关心的问题。本文利用GLOPEM模型模拟得到的青海三江源地区1988-2008年的NPP数据,计算了三江源自然保护区内外1988-2008、1988-2004,以及2004-2008年3个时间段的NPP年际变化速率,比较了三江源保护区内外的NPP年际变化。同时对三江源各个下属保护区的NPP增长潜力进行了排序,结果认为,三江源地区自生态系统工程实施以来,NPP有了明显的回升,回升速率约为0.47 gC/m²·a,其内部大多数子保护区的NPP也有了明显恢复,NPP回升的保护区占到总保护区数量的72%。  相似文献   

Regime-dependent streamflow sensitivities to Pacific climate modes cross the Georgia–Puget transboundary ecoregion     

Sean W. Fleming  Paul H. Whitfield  R. D. Moore  Edward J. Quilty 《水文研究》2007,21(24):3264-3287

The Georgia Basin–Puget Sound Lowland region of British Columbia (Canada) and Washington State (USA) presents a crucial test in environmental management due to its combination of abundant salmonid habitat, rapid population growth and urbanization, and multiple national jurisdictions. It is also hydrologically complex and heterogeneous, containing at least three streamflow regimes: pluvial (rainfall-driven winter freshet), nival (melt-driven summer freshet), and hybrid (both winter and summer freshets), reflecting differing elevation ranges within various watersheds. We performed bootstrapped composite analyses of river discharge, air temperature, and precipitation data to assess El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) impacts upon annual hydrometeorological cycles across the study area. Canadian and American data were employed from a total of 21 hydrometric and four meteorological stations. The surface meteorological anomalies showed strong regional coherence. In contrast, the seasonal impacts of coherent modes of Pacific circulation variability were found to be fundamentally different between streamflow regimes. Thus, ENSO and PDO effects can vary from one stream to the next within this region, albeit in a systematic way. Furthermore, watershed glacial cover appeared to complicate such relationships locally; and an additional annual streamflow regime was identified that exhibits climatically driven non-linear phase transitions. The spatial heterogeneity of seasonal flow responses to climatic variability may have substantial implications to catchment-specific management and planning of water resources and hydroelectric power generation, and it may also have ecological consequences due to the matching or phase-locking of lotic and riparian biological activity and life cycles to the seasonal cycle. The results add to a growing body of literature suggesting that assessments of the streamflow impacts of ocean–atmosphere circulation modes must accommodate local hydrological characteristics and dynamics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The copyright in Paul H. Whitfield's contribution belongs to the Crown in right of Canada and such copyright material is reproduced with the permission of Environment Canada.  相似文献   

新技术在金沙江河道勘测的应用     

杨世林  任勇 《地理空间信息》2009,7(6):40-43

ADCP等测量新技术用于金沙江河道,取到了宝贵的成果,但GPS在山区使用受到限制,ADCP和测深仪会受含沙量影响不能满足测量需要,以及电波流速仪因电磁辐射干扰阻碍使用等。为此,通过分析仪器原理和环境条件,提出了一些有效的处理办法,并在实践中得到成功运用。  相似文献   

Wet season fine sediment dynamics on the inner shelf of the Great Barrier Reef     

Eric Wolanski  Katharina E. Fabricius  Timothy F. Cooper  Craig Humphrey 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,77(4):755-762

Fine sediment dynamics were recorded in February 2007 in coastal waters of the Great Barrier Reef during a moderate flood of the Tully River. An estuarine circulation prevailed on the inner continental shelf with a surface seaward velocity peaking at 0.1 m s⁻¹ and a near-bottom landward flow peaking at 0.05 m s⁻¹. Much of the riverine mud originating from eroded soils was exported onto a 10 km wide coastal strip during the rising stage of the river flood in the first flush. In coastal waters, suspended sediment concentration peaked at 0.2 kg m⁻³ near the surface and 0.4 kg m⁻³ at 10 m depth during calm weather, and 0.5 kg m⁻³ near the surface and 2 kg m⁻³ at 10 m depth during strong winds when bottom sediment was resuspended. Diurnal irradiance at 4 m depth was almost zero for 10 days. The sedimentation rate averaged 254 (±33) g m⁻² d⁻¹ over the 28-day study period, and concentrations of dissolved and particulate nutrients originating from the river were high. The observed low irradiance would have prevented coral photosynthesis, while the sedimentation rate would have been lethal to some juvenile corals. The mud may ultimately be minnowed out over long periods, however, flushing of the mud occurs at time scales much longer than the flood event and the mud is likely to affect coral physiology for significant periods after the flood has subsided. The data show the need to better control erosion on farmed land for the conservation of coral reefs on the inner shelf of the Great Barrier Reef.  相似文献